Governing mechanism.



K. DOUGAN.

GOVERNING MEGHANISM.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY s. 190e.

Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

F/G.l.

K. DOUGAN.

GOVERNING MBCHANISM.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY s, 190s.

1,071,895. Patented Sept.2,1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

83 Mill! www DOLUMBIA PLANOURAPH Co\vAsHlNuTON. D, c.

K DOUGAN GOVERNING MEOHANISM.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 9, moa.

Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

` 5 SHEETS-SHEETS. #4L 57 W/TNESSES.

//v VEN 70,?,

Wan/@dom K. DOUGAN.

GOVERNING MECHANISM.

APPLIQATION FILED JULY e, 190s.

Patnted Sept. 2, 1913.

5 BHEETS*SHEET 4.

W/ TNESSES.- m

K. DOUGAN.

GOVBRNING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9, moa.

1 ,O71 ,895, Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

KZWJMM.

KENNEDY DOUGAN, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

GOVERNING MECHANISM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 2,1913.

Application filed July 9, 1908. Serial No. 442,790.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, KENNEDY DOUGAN, a citizen of the United States, andresident of Minneapolis, Minnesota, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Governing Mechanisms, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to improvements in governing mechanisms, theobject of which is to provide a power driven mechanism for theinter-position between an element indicating changes in the` conditionto be governed (e. g., speed, temperature) and a movable element whichdirectly governs said condition; in which the movements of said elementshall be strictly proportional to the movements of the indicatingelement thereby correctly regulating the condition to be governed.

In the accompanying drawings- Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly insection, of a mechanism, embodying my invention, designed for use inconnection with a governing device. Fig. 2 is a top plan view, omittingcertain parts of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a front view of scale-arm 81. Fig. 4is a front elevation of the mechanism, part of the frame broken away,and for clearncss of illustration, arms 81 and 82 shown in Fig. 1 areomitted from Figs. 2 and 4. Fig. 5 shows a modified thermostatadjustingdevice. Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views of the double acting pawl. Fig. 8is a detail View of the pawl-arm mounting. Fig. 9 is a vertical sectionviewed on line 19 of Fig. 2, showing the gears turned to a differentposition. Fig. 10 is a side elevation, partly in section, of amodification adapted for governing speed, as of water turbines. Fig. 11is a plan view of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a detail section of the main shaftand its pulley. Fig. 13 is a detail plan of the pawl. Fig. 14, is anelevation of a modification of Fig. 11. Fig. 15 is a modification of adetail of Fig. 11.

My improvement may be carried out by various structures, so long as theyembody the principles involved in the following described structures.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 4: 37 is a rotary shaft, corresponding to shaft118 shown in Fig. 11. On it are keyed two opposed bevel gears 3S and 39.40 is a frame, provided with bearings 4l and 42 for said shaft. Twoshafts 43 and 44, set at right angles to, and driven by, shaft 37,through bevel gears 45 and 46, are j ournaled in bearings 47 and 48.

Two gears, 49, 50, of unequal diameters, having a common hub and turningas one, are revoluble on shaft 43. A yoke 51 is pinned on said shaft andcarries a shaft 54, having keyed thereon two planet gears 0r pinions 52,53. Meshing with pinion 53 and revoluble on shaft 43 is a gear 55 havinga hub 5G that is also the hub of a ratchet wheel 57. If gears 53 and 55are made equal in diameter, gears 50 and 52 must be unequal; or if thelatter -are made equal the former must be unequal. As shown, the meshedgears 53, 55 are equal and the meshed gears 50, 52 are unequal. Theabove described construction is duplicated on shaft 44, as shown. Butthe teeth of the ratchet wheels point oppositely. When the main shaft 37is rotated, the ratchet wheels are turned in opposite directions (seearrows, Fig. 4) unless one of them be checked. During such rotation, theyokes 5l, 51 are carried around their shafts, carrying with them theplanet pinions. The rotation of the ratchcts is due to the differentialeffect of the gearing, as will be readily seen in Fig. 2.

The main shaft 37 may bc provided with a pulley, as 58 (Fig. 4) androtated continuously; or may be turned step by step by any suitablemechanism.

Mcshing with both of the gears 49 and 49 is a curved rack, or moreproperly termed, a geared sector, 59, keyed on a rockable shaft 60, heldby bearings G1 and (32 (Fig. 1). G3 is a hub, pinned on said shaft 60.Said hub carries a depending arm 64, which supports a verticallydisposed thermostat, G5, at the lower end thereof. Any ordinarythermostat as now sold, either straight or curved, may be employed.Shaft G0 is tubular (Fig. l) and fitted rotatably within its outer end1s a short shaft GG. The latter carries an upwardly projecting pin 67,through a slot G8 in shaft 60. Held by pin G7 is a pivot-pin 69, onwhich is mounted a vertically disposed arm 70, hereafter called thepawl-arm. Said arm is bifurcatcd and extends below the shaft 60 tobalance the entire arm. Close to the pivot-pin 69 is a pivot-pin 71,carried by the pawl-arm 70. This pin is connected by a link 72 to a clip73, mounted on the upper end of the thermostat 5.

The upper end of the pawl-arm carries a pivot-ally balanceddouble-stop-pawl 74, the ends of which are adapted to engage andrespectively arrest the motion of either of. the ratchet wheels 5", 57.The pawl is slotted out to receive the upper end of the arm 70, and hasa cross-pin 75 thatl rests in a notch in said arm. It is also provid-edwith oppositely projecting lateral clutchlugs 76, both shown in Fig. 2.When the pawl-arm moves these lugs play in are slots 77, whose centerisY that of the shaft 60. These slots are formed in the front and rearwalls of a housing composed of an arm 78 and a plate 79 secured theretoby screws 80'. This housing stands clear of the sides of the stop-pawl74 so as to offer no frictional resistance, and the slots 77 should litthe lugs 76 loosely enough to prevent contact except when the pawl istilted on its pivot 7 5. The clutch-arm 78 is rigidly held by the hub63, and therefore partakes of every movement of the geared sector 59imparted thereto by gear 49 or 49.

By reference to F ig.y 4 it will be readily understood that the angle atwhich the pawlarm stands may be adjusted byturning the innershaft 66relatively to the outer one 60, asY by so doing the alinement of thepivots 69 and 7l .which supportVV the pawl-V arm, is altered, the lowerpivot 69 being moved laterally by its arm 67 That tls adjustment may bemade by any person with ease and accuracy, two hands 8l and 82 areprovided. They are iXed upon the respective shafts 60 and 66 and extendin arallel relation. The inner hand 81 (Fig. bears at its end agraduated scale 83.l The index hand 82 is made of resilient metal andhas afiixed to its inner face a knife-edge 84, which is pressed upon thesurface. of the scale by the resilience of the hand 82. The marks of thescale may be grooved, so that the sharp edge of 84 will be retainedtherein without chance of slipping.v The scale indicates a range oftemperature, and the operator simply sets the hand 84 at the temperaturedesired. An eXtreme position (to right or left) of the hand 82 may causethe pawl 70 to become engaged with one of the ratchet wheels 48, 48.

Tt is not essential that the ratchets 48, 48 rotate in oppositedirections: the mechanism may be so geared that they may rotate in thesame direction, and one end ofthe pawl changed accordingly.

The operation of the instrument shown in Figs. l to l() inclusive, is asfollows: Normally the resistance due to friction of movable parts, willhold the sector 59 against being moved by gear 49 or49 and holds saidgears against rotation. The ratchets 48, 48', however, are moved byevery impulse of the drive shaft. Movement of said pawl 74 is initiatedby ay change ofl temperature at the thermostat; the mechanism being somade that a fall of temperature will cause the damper-14 to be movedtoward sired range of temperature within which it is free to movewithout starting the dampershifting mechanism, by proportioning the fdistance between the ratchets to the length of the stop-pawl. Thedetails ofthis operationy areY as follows: Suppose the tem-` peraturehas fallen below the desired limit, the thermostat' bends and' turnspawl arm 70, which engages pawl 74 with ratchet 57. l This stops the.rot-ation of gearU 57, but the planet pinions 52', 53 continue torevolve about the shaft 43.'Y The outer pinion 53, as it revolves, isrotated, rotating its companion 52, which inY turn rotates the coupledgears 50, V49. (Itjis'to be Lremembered that the coupled gearsrO, 49k(as well as the coupled gear-ratchets 55, 57) areV loose on the shaft,in the sense that they are not' keyedl thereon). The gear 49 is nowrotated, and being meshed with the sector s 59, moves the latterin `theproper direction, to partially open the damper 14, and turns therock-'shaft 60. This movementfofthe rock-shaft 60 turns the lever 78having the slots 77 in which the vpawl-lugs 76 play. The'pawl has beentilted by the pressure of the ratchet wheel 57, so that its Vlugs 76bind or catch in said slots. The movement of the lever 78 is in adirection to carry the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet, thisbeing effected by friction between the lugs 76 and slots 77,asaforesaid. yThe in! stant the pawl is so disengaged, the ratchetresumes its rotation andthe gear 49, sector 59 and damper 14 stop. It isnow to be noted that the same motion of the lever 78V that disengagedthe pawl from the ratchet wheel, caused depending arm 64y to shift thethermostat 65 in eXact unison with the motion of said lever and of thepawl-arm 70. The result is that, when the'pawly rights itself on itspivot, forcing its lugs 76 from the sides of the'slots 77, the pawl isheld in middle, neutral, or halfway position (as shown) until a furtherchange of temperaf ture hasr occu-rred. This feature of the operation isvery important, and distinguishes my regulator from all others. Theaction of this regulator is to create heat-regulating effects exactlyproportional to the.fleX-. ing of thev thermostat caused by the changeof temperature. In present electric-thermo. stat heat governors, thevalve continues to close or open as longl as the circuit contacts areheld closed by the thermostat. This nearly always results in the valvebeing opened too far or closed too fa-rto produce the normaltemperature. In my inventi-on u-nder noV circumstances can a singlebending of the thermostat cause the damper to be' moved more thanslightly. -To cau-se the damper to turn several steps in the samedirection, there must be a prolonged rise or fall in temperature. Tocomplete the description of the operation: The damper 14 has beenslightly opened by the mechanism, and, in consequence, the air in theroom will in time become warmer. 1f the rise of temperature besuflicient, t-he thermostat will be bent far enough to engage the pawlwith the right hand ratchet 57 Gear 46 will now turn the sector 59 inthe direction that moves the damper 14 toward closed position; lever 78disengages the pawl from the ratchet; arm 64 shifts the thermostat; andthe gear 46 stops. The pawl now stands approximately midway between theratchets, but starts to move again if the temperature continues to rise.

Should the geared sector 59 be thrown over to either of its extremepositions, the damper 14 will be either fully open or entirely closed.

The modification shown in Fig. 5 is simply the substitution of a Cshaped or spiral thermostat 91 for the straight thermostat. )ne end isfastened to the shaft 60 or to an arm 92 thereof. The other end ispivotally connected to the stud or pin 71. l/Vith this construction, themanual adjustment of the thermostat may be nicely effected by means of adevice similar to that shown in Fig. 15". Here, 93 designates the armwhich holds the thermostat; 94, a shorter arm pivoted thereto on a pin95; the thermostat being rigidly secured to arm 94. Touching arm 94 isan eccentric 96, the shaft 97 of which is journaled on the main arm 93.A stiff spring 98 holds the arm 94 firmly against the eccentric. Theshaft 97 is extended (not shown) to a point accessible to the operatorand provided with a handle and a pointer. A scale arranged to betraversed by the pointer, indicates the temperature corresponding to theseveral positions of the thermostat.

It is not necessary that the thermostat mechanism be mounted on or evenadjacent to the radiator easing, as I have devised a system whereby myherein described thermostat mechanism may control one or more radiatorsat a distance.

Figs. 10 and 11 represent a mechanism embodying the same principle asthat already described, but adapted for the regulation of speed ofmotors, particularly turbine water wheels. In this mechanism acentrifugal governor 100 (driven by the turbine not shown) controls theposition of the pawl-arm 101, carrying the double-acting pawl 102. Thesliding governor element 103 is connected to a lever 104 by a link 105,said lever being fulcrumed at 106. The pawl-arm 101 is pivoted on thelever at 107, and may be provided with a weight 108 to balance the pawl102. The pawl is centrally pivoted on said arm, and has two oppositelugs 109, lying in parallel slots 110 in a stationary frame composed ofplates 111, 112, bolted to a member 113 of the base-frame 113. Mountedto slide horizontally upon said base-frame, is a traveling frame 114,which carries a motion-translating mechanism exactly like that shown inFig. 2, with the following exception: A straight rack 115 is substitutedfor the curved rack 59. Rack 115 is rigidly secured to a member 113 ofthe base-frame, and meshes with gears 116 and 116 on theoppositely-rotated shafts 117 and 117. The main or drive shaft 118 iscarried longitudinally with the traveling frame 114, by means of t-wocollars 119, set on opposite sides of one of the bearings. Said shaft isextended at one end and passes through two bearings 120. In said shaft"is a spline groove 121. The driving pulley 122 is splined on said shaftand located between the bearings 120, which hold it against lateralmovement with the shaft. Connected with the frame 114 at 123 is a rod124 by which the motion of said frame is transmitted to the valvecontrolling the supply of motive fluid to the turbine. It will beobserved that the points ofthe pawl 102 incline upward and terminate atpoints above a straight line connecting the center of the pawl and thecenter of either ratchet wheel 125, 125. To permit the full range ofmotion of the traveling frame 114, each end of said frame is slotted outto pass the rack, 115, as shown at 114', Fig. 10. i

The operation of the entire machine is as follows: The construction issuch that the bodily movements of the traveling frame will be in thesame direction as the movements of the pawl 102 when actuated by arm101, lever 101.1-, and governor shaft 103. (It is understood that theposition of this shaft 103 is determined by the speed at which theturbine is ruiming.) Assuming that the pawl is in a neutral position,and that the speed of the turbine drops. The centrifugal balls 100approach each other, moving shaft 103 to the left; thus the arm 101 andpawl 102 are moved to the left, the pawl engaging ratchet 125. Instantlythe gear 116 starts to rotate (the shaft 118 being continuously rotated)and the entire frame 114 is carried leftward by the action of said gearupon the rack 115. The rod 124 moves the valve or gate toward openposition, and the speed of the motor increases. Said movement of theframe 114 was very short, however, because of the fact that only a shortmovement thereof is required to draw the ratchet away from the pawl,whereupon the ratchet turns and the gears stop. The slotted plates 111,112, hold the pawl while it is being acted on by either ratchet, butwhen the pawl rights itself the lugs 109 become loose in their slots.The pawl is now held midway between the ratchets in their new position'by the centrifugal' balls, unless the speed is changing; in. which casethepawl will be shifted to rightor left and the rod 124 actuatedaccordingly. It will be understood that when the frame 114 is moved theshaft 118 will slide through bearings 120and pulley 122.

A fault common to .all hitherto cused water-Wheel governors is'- thatcalled hunting'which means that the governor always overacts, andchanges the speed of the turf lbine much vin excess of the requirement,

running it too fast and too slow alternately. My herein described.governor vwill-not act in that way, as will be understoodV from alitt-le study of its. peculiar operation, which is in principle exactlythe. same as that of the temperature governor described.l y

The construction shown provides 'for a long range. of movement Vof thetravelingframe; said range may be made equal to the full range of thepawl corresponding to the maximumV range. ofy t-he centrifugal balls-The lever 104 may be provided with a counterw'eight 104 .so that whensaid lever is turned from the vertical, the effect of -gravity upon theparts supported by said lever will not influence the degree of motion ofsaid parts. The pawl itselfshould be of steel with the points thereofhardened.

The same results may be produced and the same principle employed, bymodifications yof the mechanism just described. For example, the gearframe 114 may be non-slidably mounted or aliixed, and thel other frame113, holding the rack 115, mounted. to slide.

In thatr construction the governor and pawlarm would. be mounted uponthe slidable frame; the engagement of the pawl with a ratchet beingfollowed by a reverse movement of the pawl, disengaging it from theratchet. Again, both of the frames 113 and 114 may be fixed, relativelyvto each other at least, and therack mounted to reciprocate and actuatethe gate or valve to be governed. In that co-nstruction a sliding frameconnected with the rack would be provided, the centrifugal element andpawl-arms being mounted on such frame. Y

rI`his mechanism may be .employed'as a steering gear for acting upon.the rudder of a large ship; the swing of the rudder being easilycontrolled yby the steersman oper- Fig. 10 or mentioned hereinas amodifica-` tion. When an ample movement of a part is to be caused, theoperator simply causes the pawl 102to follow up .the ratchet in itsrectilinear motion, until the full movement has been performed. y

Fig. 14 shows a slight modification, wherein the ratchet shafts aredriven by worm gears. I show also in this figure a pair of fly-ballsdriven by belt from the main shaft.

I claim: Y

1. In an automatic governor, a movable controlling element, meansactuated by changes in the condition to be governed, power drivenmechanism interposed between said element and said means, the vsaidmeans and mechanism movable in the samev direction, the said meanscontrolling the mechanism and causing the mechanism to move to an extentproportionate to the Vmovement of said means.

2.. In an automatic governor, -a driven mechanism, a controlling elementmoved by said mechanism, means actuated by changes in the condition tobe governed and movable in the same direction as said controllingelement, and controlling said driven mechanism, whereby said controllingelement is caused to fo-llow the movement ofsaid means actuated bychanges in the condition to be governed.

3. In an automatic governor, a `driven mechanism, a controlling elementactuatable in Vreverse directions by said mechanism, means actuated bychanges in the condition to be governed and controlling said driven,mechanism, said means and said controlling to control a valve, means,actuated byk changes in thecondition to be governed, for causing eitherof said differentials to act upon said controller element, and means, u

actuated by the movement of said transmission element, for limiting andstopping said movement.

5. In an automatic governor, a power driven shaft, differentialgearings-ad'apted to be oppositely driven by said shaft, a movableelement geared withA both said differentials, a movable startingVelement actuated by changes in the condition to be governed and adaptedto start the movements of said first-named movable element, andautomatic means for arresting each movement of said first-named element.

6. In an automatic governor', a power driven shaft, differentialgearings adapted to be oppositely driven by said shaft, a movableelement geared with both said differentials, ratchets driven by saiddifferentials, a movable pawl elelnent actuated by changes in thecondition to be governed and adapted to engage either ratchet to startthe movements of said first-named movable element, and automatic meansfor arresting Ieach movement of said first-named element.

7. In an automatic governor, a power driven shaft, differential gearingsadapted to be oppositely driven by said shaft, a movable element gearedwith both said differentials, each differential comprising a normallyrotating ratchet and a normally idle gear, a movable element geared withboth of said normally idle gears, a stop-pawl poised between saidratchets, means for engaging the pawl with either ratchet, and means,actuated by the resulting movement of one of said gears, for releasingthe ratchet from the pawl.

8. In automatic mechanism of the kind described, a pair of ratchetsfixed upon separate shafts and driven in opposite directions, apawl-supporting member, a double-acting pawl pivoted on said memberbetween said ratchets, the pawl being provided with laterally disposedlugs; a movable clutch member loosely engaging said lugs and formed topermit longitudinal and pivotal motions of the pawl, means for drivingthe ratchets, means for engaging the pawl with either ratchet, and meansfor actuating said clutchmember to disengage the pawl.

9. A governor comprising a movable element connected with a valve orgate to vary the opening thereof, two differential gearings mounted onsaid movable element and engaging a rack for moving said element inopposite directions, means for continuously driving each differential,means actuated by a change in the condition governed for starting theoperation of either differential upon the rack, and means actuated bythe movement of the rack for limiting said movement.

10. A governor comprising a movable element connected With a valve orgate to vary the opening thereof, two differentials carried by saidmovable element and adapted to move said element in opposite directions,means for continuously driving each differential, ratchets rotated bythe differentials, a pawl adapted to stop either ratchet, means actuatedby a change in the condition governed for controlling the position ofsaid pawl, and means to cause disengagement of the pawl and ratchetimmediately after a short predetermined movement of the gate.

11. A governor comprising a movable element connected with a valve orgate to vary the opening thereof, two differentials carried by saidmovable element and adapted to move said clement in opposite directions,means for continuously driving each diflerential, ratchets rotated bythe differentials, a pawl adapted to stop either ratchet, means actuatedby a change in the condition governed for controlling the position ofsaid pawl, a stationary guide for said pawl, and means carried by thepawl adapted to clutch said guide and hold the pawl during coengagementof the pawl and ratchet.

12. A water wheel speed governor eomprising a frame carrying two shaftsand mounted for movement transverse to the axes of said shafts,differential gears mounted on said shafts, means for continuouslydriving each differential, idle gears and ratchets geared with saiddifferentials, said idle gears meshing into a rack for driving saidframe in opposite directions, a pawlguide (extending parallel with theline of motion of said frame), a pawl supported by said guide betweensaid ratchcts, means actuated by a change in speed for engaging saidpawl with either ratchet, and means for holding the pawl during itsengagement with either ratchet, the resulting movement of said framebeing utilized to shift a valve or gate.

13. In an automatic governor, a power driven mechanism comprising twosets of intergeared moving gears and idle gears, means adapted to beactuated by said idle gears, a motor controlling element actuated by themovement of the idle gears, and means controlled by the changes in thecondition to be governed and adapted to set in motion independently theidle gears of either mechanism according to the changed conditions to begoverned.

14. In an automatic governor, a power driven mechanism comprising twosets of intergeared moving gears and idle gears for each set, a motorcontrolling element geared with each set of idle gears and meanscontrolled by the changed conditions to be governed for setting inmotion independently either set of idle gears according to the changedconditions to be governed.

15. In an automatic governor, a power driven mechanism, a movablecontrolling element operatively connected with the power drivenmechanism, means actuated by changes in the condition to be governed,the said power driven mechanism and said means independently movabletoward and away from each other to cause the last said elements tocontrol the movement of the controlling element.

16. In an automatic governor, a power driven mechanism, a movablecontrolling element operatively connected with the power drivenmechanism, means actuated nected therewith and thereby moving the bychanges in the condition to be governed, latter a distance equal to themovement of said power driven mechanism and said the said means.

means independently movable equal dis- KENNEDY DOUGAN. tances toward andaway from each other to Witnesses: control the movement of the powerdriven MARIE DONOVAN,

mechanism and the controlling element con- K. M. IMBODEN.

v Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

